Videos » Ethics is seen as what government should

It is to be expected that there will be competing justifications for many institutions and that all will be subject to dispute. Some of the alternative justifications would be as follows:

- The agency furthers a particular communal goal;

- The agency performs an "integrative" function Blake Snell Jersey , dealing with problems and smoothing the process of social interaction;

- The agency is checking and balancing other public sector agencies - the agency is supporting the operation of a free market;

- The agency is protecting citizens from the unjust results of the free market -the agency is providing an example of how other organizations can be run.

When this approach is applied to other institutions (such as the modem corporation, law firms and the independent Bar), there we see that some emphasise the benefits to the members of the institution and some to the wider public. Some of the competing justifications will centre on the financial and participatory benefits that an institution provides for its members (whether narrowly or broadly defined). Others will centre on the benefits to the broader society.

Today there is much emphasis on providing direct benefits and considerable skepticism about claimed indirect benefits. However Yandy Diaz Jersey , it is important to recognize that the same is true of no government organizations. According to neoclassical economic theory, commercial corporations provide a benefit by supplying goods or services to the public at or below the price the public are prepared to pay. However, many of the most important effects of institutions are indirect.

Looking to the justification of government has two important consequences for public sector ethics. First it emphasizes those things which bureaucrats ought to do rather than those things they should not do. Secondly it sees ethics as something for the organization rather than for the isolated individual.

Ethics is seen as what government should seek to achieve rather than what it should avoid. If the only issue were to avoid the evil that government might do the answer would be simple -get rid of government. This is what anarchists of left and right suggest should be done to government and some revolutionary socialists would do with business. The answer to both is to look to the justification of each and to structure the relevant ethics Willy Adames Jersey , law and institutional structure around that justification.

This does not rule out substantial changes to either modem government or the modem corporation. It is always possible that one or both will fail the test of justification leading to the logical conclusion that they should be abolished in their current form. But if that conclusion is not reached this approach does suggest that the positive values by which government may be justified should provide the key to our thinking about them.

This concentration on positive prescription does not exclude a consideration of negative proscriptions. Thus very strong negative proscriptions can be derived from the positive justifications of public sector ethics so conceived. Indeed, such derived negative proscriptions are stronger for it. One way of interpreting this is that this was because the actions of key public figures were completely contrary to their public duties and declared intentions.maxo zecs
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